Informatics Publishing Limited

T. Shanmugasundaram ¹, G. Balakrishnamurthy ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Fruit Crops, Horticultural College of Research Institute, (T.N.A.U.), Coimbatore T.N., IN
2 Department of Fruit Crops, Horticultural College of Research Institute (T.N.A.U.), Coimbatore T.N., IN

Abstract

The study was conducted during 2011-12 and 2012-13 to find out the effect of fertigation on flowering and yield of tissue culture (TC) pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Mirdula grown under ultra high density planting (UHDP).The experiments was laid out in Randomized Block Design with five treatment of fertigation levels viz., 50, 75, 100 and 125 % recommended dose of water soluble fertilizers (applied twice in a week) including soil application (control) and replicated four times and to test various yield attributes of 2-3 years old TC pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Mirdula was grown under UHDP. The investigation indicated 50 % recommended dose of fertilizers through fertigation (T2) resulted in maximum number of hermaphrodite flower (63.05), number of male flower (55.95), number of fruits per tree (52.38), fruit set percentage (83.57 %), average fruit weight (211.43 g), fruit volume (228.75 cc), peel weight (62.83 g), total aril weight (127.53 g), 100 aril weight (22.31 g),total seed weight (14.87 g) and fruit yield / plant (11.1kg) as compared with soil application of recommended doses of NPK and higher doses of NPK applied through fertigation. Therefore (T2) 50 % recommended dose of NPK in the form of water soluble fertilizers can be recommended for getting increased flowering and the highest yield for two to three years old TC pomegranate cv. MRIDULA.

Keywords

TC Pomegranate, UHDP, Fertigation, Flowering, Yield

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B.D. Bhanushali ¹, A. GouravRao ¹, A. P. Singh ¹, S. Parida ¹, V. P. Deshmukh ¹, A. C. Abhayankar ², T. Shanmugasundaram ²

Affiliations
1 Naval Metallurgy Division, Naval Materials Research Laboratory, Ambernath, Thane-421506, Maharasthra, IN
2 Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Girinagar, Pune-411205, IN

Abstract

Friction stir welding (FSW) technology is well-known forits capability to join low softening metals and alloys such as aluminum and magnesium, conversely, high softening alloys like steel, titanium and nickel alloys is still a challenge due to tool material stringent property requirements and its availability. Presently, with the advancement in the development of tool materials,the joining of high softening alloysis possible. However, in case of high strength quench sensitive grade of steel, high cooling rate associated during FSW induces undesirable brittle martensitic microstructure and therefore, reduces the properties of the weld zone, particularly, the ductility and toughness. Therefore, in present investigation a novel approach to control the microstructure was investigated by employing induction pre heating source ahead of tool pin during FSW. The HSLA plate preheated at 300 °C and 600 °C respectively resulted in simultaneous increase of ductility and toughness because of widmanstätten ferrite and bainitic microstructure due to lower cooling rate. In case of FSW carried out without preheating the hard brittle zone was found, whereas the same was eliminated with preheating source. Optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) detector was utilized to characterize the microstructure of FSW nugget zone, and was correlated with mechanical properties.

Keywords

Thermal Assisted Friction Stir Welding, High Strength Low Alloy Steel (HSLA), Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Scanning Electron Microscopy.

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